Pope gregory excommunicated henry iv

          Saint gregory vii pope.

          Urban, Pope, VIII

          Born to the esteemed Barberini family of Florence, which had produced many popes, Urban VIII (–) enjoyed a lengthy but controversial pontificate marred by war, nepotism, and anti-intellectualism.

          Last pope

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          6. A complicated man, he was also a patron to artists, canonized a number of saints, and extended the papal territory. On his participation during the Thirty Years War, the Barberini pope remains a conundrum.

          Educated by his Mother

          Maffeo was born to the esteemed Florentine Barberini family in His father, Antonio (who died when Barberini was only three), and mother, Camilla Barbadoro, were both of the nobility.

          Barberini was educated by his mother, who later took him to Rome to begin his philosophical studies under his uncle Francis Barberini, "apostolical protonotary," a title denoting a member of the first college of prelates of the Roman Curia.

          Continuing his formal education with the Jesuits at their leading seminary, the Collegio Romano, Barberini graduated from P